Liver Microsomes and S9 Fractions: Choosing the Right Metabolic Model
Liver microsomes (from ER, rich in CYPs) focus on Phase I metabolism, enzyme activity & DDIs. S9 fractions include microsomal + cytosolic enzymes for Phase I + II, enabling broader biotransformation, toxicity & stability studies. Choose microsomes for focused work; S9 for wider metabolic insight.
